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Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ

Lymphoedema FAQ

What is lymphoedema and what causes it after cancer treatment? 

Lymphoedema is a chronic condition where excess fluid builds up in the tissues, causing swelling—most commonly in the arm, leg, or chest area. After cancer treatment, lymphoedema often develops when lymph nodes are removed or damaged during surgery or radiotherapy. This disrupts normal lymphatic drainage, leading to fluid retention and swelling. It’s common after breast cancer, melanoma, gynaecological, or prostate cancer treatment, but can also occur in other conditions. 

 

What are the early signs of lymphoedema in the arm or leg? 

Early signs of lymphoedema include: 

  • A rise in your L-Dex score (on the SOZO) which doesn’t reduce with regular exercise and massage.  
  • A feeling of heaviness, tightness, or fullness in the limb 
  • Visible swelling, especially at the end of the day 
  • Skin changes such as pitting or indentations from clothing/jewellery 
  • Aching, tingling, or reduced flexibility in the affected limb 

Early detection is key—treatment started promptly and getting an L-Dex reading on our SOZO machine can help detect small changes prevent progression. 

 

Can lymphoedema go away or be cured permanently? 

Currently, lymphoedema cannot be cured permanently. However, with early diagnosis and ongoing management, swelling can be significantly reduced and kept under control. At Restore Oncology Care & Lymphoedema Clinic, we use evidence-based treatments to maintain long-term results and improve quality of life. 

 

What is the best treatment for lymphoedema? 

The gold standard for lymphoedema management is Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT), which includes: 

  • Manual lymphatic drainage (specialised massage) 
  • Compression therapy (garments, wraps, or pumps) 
  • Exercise tailored for lymphatic health 
  • Skin care to reduce infection risk 

 A personalised treatment plan is essential to achieve the best results. At Restore we incorporate other evidence-based modalities to aid the above. These include: 

  • MLS laser therapy  
  • Deep Oscillation Therapy  

 

How can I reduce swelling from lymphoedema at home? 

You can support your clinic treatments with: 

  • Wearing your prescribed compression garments daily 
  • Exercising according to your Exercise Physiologist’s and Lymphoedema Therapist’s recommendations.  
  • Elevating the affected limb when possible 
  • Practising good skin care to prevent infection 
  • Avoiding prolonged inactivity 
  • Engaging in self drainage massage daily.  

Your therapist can teach you self-massage and home management techniques. 

 

Is exercise safe if I have lymphoedema? 

Yes—exercise is not only safe but highly beneficial for people with lymphoedema. Activities such as walking, swimming, Pilates, and resistance training help improve lymphatic flow and reduce swelling. Exercise should be tailored to your needs by a trained therapist. Please consult your Lymphoedema Therapist and Exercise Physiologist for a safe and personalised plan.  

 

Can compression garments help with lymphoedema? 

Absolutely. Compression garments provide constant, gentle pressure that helps move lymph fluid out of the affected area and prevents it from pooling. They are essential for long-term lymphoedema management and are available in custom or ready-to-wear options. Compression is highly recommended when managing lymphoedema and is deemed as an essential component in preventing further complications such as cellulitis.  

Is massage or manual lymphatic drainage good for lymphoedema? 

Yes—manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a slow and firm, specialised massage technique that stimulates the lymphatic system, reduces swelling, and relieves discomfort. It should be performed by a trained lymphoedema therapist for best results. Massage should be paired with compression for best results.  

What foods should I avoid if I have lymphoedema? 

There is no strict “lymphoedema diet,” but it’s best to: 

  • Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains which support overall lymphatic health. 
  • Avoid alcohol and smoking  
  • Stay hydrated 
  • See our Dietitian if you have questions about your diet.  

 

What is the difference between lymphoedema and general swelling (oedema)? 

Oedema is general swelling caused by fluid retention due to injury, heart failure, or other systemic conditions. Lymphoedema is a specific type of swelling caused by a damaged or overloaded lymphatic system. Lymphoedema requires specialised treatment to prevent it from becoming chronic. 

 

Can I get a needle or blood pressure taken if I have lymphoedema or have had lymph nodes removed?  

If you have lymphoedema—or are at risk due to lymph node removal—it is generally recommended to avoid needles, injections, IV lines, or blood pressure cuffs on the affected arm or leg. These procedures are not usually life-threatening, but they can increase the risk of swelling and make you more prone to cellulitis (a skin infection). 

This happens because when lymph nodes are removed or damaged, the body’s ability to drain fluid and fight infection in that area is reduced. Any puncture or compression may allow bacteria to enter or further aggravate swelling. 

That said, this is ultimately your decision as the patient. Some people choose to strictly avoid procedures on the affected limb, while others may allow it if absolutely necessary—such as in emergencies or when no other site is suitable. If you decide to proceed, let your healthcare provider know about your lymphoedema risk so they can take extra precautions with skin cleaning, needle placement, and post-procedure monitoring. 

Where possible, ask for blood draws, injections, and blood pressure checks to be done on the opposite limb or an alternative site to best protect your lymphatic health. 

 

Can I use saunas and spas if I have lymphoedema or have had lymph nodes removed? 

Saunas, hot spas, and prolonged heat can cause blood vessels to dilate and increase fluid build-up, which may worsen swelling in people with lymphoedema or those at risk after lymph node removal. Heat can also make the skin more vulnerable, increasing the risk of cellulitis (a bacterial skin infection) if the skin barrier is already compromised. 

For these reasons, it is often recommended limiting or avoiding high-heat environments, especially if your swelling is not well controlled. However, the decision is ultimately up to you as the patient. If you choose to use saunas or spas, keep sessions short, avoid extreme temperatures, monitor the affected limb for changes, and ensure your skin is clean and free of cuts or breaks beforehand. 

It’s best to discuss your plans with your lymphoedema therapist so you can balance enjoyment with protecting your long-term lymphatic health. 

 

Can I still fly with lymphoedema? 

Absolutely—you can still enjoy travelling and flying if you have lymphoedema. While air travel can sometimes cause swelling to increase due to changes in cabin pressure and sitting for long periods, this doesn’t mean you should avoid flying. With the right preparation, most people with lymphoedema fly regularly without any issues. 

To reduce the risk of swelling while flying: 

Wear your prescribed compression garment for the entire flight 

  • Move around the cabin or stretch your legs and arms every hour 
  • Stay hydrated and limit alcohol  
  • Gently exercise or flex your muscles while seated 
  • Elevate your limb when possible 

Flying is a big part of life for many people with lymphoedema, and taking a few simple steps can make it comfortable and safe. Before a long trip, speak to your lymphoedema therapist to create a personalised in-flight care plan—so you can travel with confidence and focus on enjoying your destination. 

Lipoedema FAQ

What is lipoedema and how do I know if I have it? 

Lipoedema is a chronic, progressive condition where there is an abnormal build-up of fat cells—usually in the legs, hips, buttocks, and sometimes arms—causing pain, swelling, and easy bruising. It almost exclusively affects women and often worsens over time. 
You might have lipoedema if you notice: 

  • A disproportionate lower body despite a healthy weight 
  • Legs or arms that bruise easily and feel tender to touch 
  • Swelling that worsens throughout the day but doesn’t fully go away with rest or elevation 
  • Fat that feels nodular or lumpy under the skin

A clinical diagnosis from a doctor or lymphoedema/lipoedema specialist is essential. 

 

How is lipoedema different from lymphoedema or obesity? 

Lipoedema is a chronic disorder of fat tissue that causes symmetrical enlargement of the legs and/or arms, while sparing the hands and feet. The affected fat is often painful, feels nodular or lumpy, and bruises easily. Importantly, lipoedema fat does not respond to typical weight loss methods—even with healthy eating, exercise, or significant weight loss, the disproportionate fat deposits usually remain. This is because lipoedema fat is structurally and metabolically different from normal fat tissue. 

Lymphoedema is swelling caused by damage to, or malfunction of, the lymphatic system, leading to a build-up of lymph fluid. It often affects one limb or a specific area of the body, and unlike lipoedema, it may involve the hands or feet. 

Obesity is an overall increase in body fat that develops for a variety of reasons—including lifestyle, genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors. It usually affects the body more evenly, and fat reduction is generally possible through diet, exercise, and medical interventions. 

Many women have both lipoedema and obesity, or lipoedema that progresses to lymphoedema—a combination known as lipo-lymphoedema. 

 

What causes lipoedema in women? 

The exact cause of lipoedema is not fully understood, but it is thought to be influenced by hormonal changes (such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause) and genetics, as it often runs in families. It is not caused by poor diet or lack of exercise. 

 

Can lipoedema be treated without surgery? 

There is currently no cure for lipoedema. Non-surgical options cannot remove lipoedema fat, but they play a vital role in managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving quality of life. This is known as conservative management. 

Key management strategies include: 

  • Compression garments to reduce pain and support circulation 
  • Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) to relieve heaviness and swelling 
  • Low-impact exercise to maintain mobility and protect joints 
  • Skin care to prevent infections like cellulitis 
  • Pain management techniques for daily comfort 

Even with surgery (liposuction), ongoing management is essential. While liposuction can remove existing lipoedema fat cells, it does not prevent new fat from developing if the condition progresses—especially if hormonal changes occur in the future. For best long-term results, surgery is combined with lifelong conservative care. 

Is lipoedema always painful?  

Not always. Some women only notice visual changes, while others experience constant aching, heaviness, or tenderness. Pain often worsens with prolonged standing or sitting and may improve with compression, massage, or gentle exercise. 

What is the best diet and exercise for lipoedema? 

There is no single “lipoedema diet,” but many people benefit from an anti-inflammatory, whole-foods diet low in processed sugar and refined carbohydrates.  
Exercise should be low-impact and lymphatic-friendly, such as swimming, walking, cycling, Pilates, or resistance training. Avoid high-impact activities that cause pain or bruising. 

Is liposuction effective for lipoedema treatment in Australia? 

Yes—specialised liposuction is currently the only way to physically remove existing lipoedema fat cells. In Australia, the two most common techniques are: 

  • Tumescent liposuction – fluid is infused into the tissue to reduce bleeding and trauma before fat removal. 
  • Water-assisted liposuction (WAL) – a gentle, pressurised stream of water loosens and removes fat while protecting lymphatic vessels. WAL is often preferred for lipoedema because it is less traumatic to the tissues, helps preserve lymphatic health, and may allow for faster recovery. 

Liposuction can significantly reduce pain, improve mobility, restore body proportions, and slow disease progression. However, it is not a permanent cure. While the fat cells removed during surgery are gone for good, lipoedema is a chronic, progressive condition, and new fat can still develop in the treated areas or elsewhere—especially if hormonal triggers or disease progression continue. 

For the best long-term results, surgery should always be combined with lifelong conservative management, including compression therapy, low-impact exercise, healthy nutrition, and regular follow-up with a lipoedema specialist. 

 

Where do I go if I want lipoedema surgery? 

Lipoedema surgery (specialised liposuction) is not performed by all surgeons. In Australia, there are a small number of plastic and cosmetic surgeons with additional training and experience in lipoedema surgery. It’s important to see a surgeon who understands the condition, as the technique used differs from standard cosmetic liposuction. Many patients start by speaking with their GP or lymphoedema therapist, who can provide referrals to reputable specialists. 

Can any plastic surgeon do lipoedema surgery? 

Not all plastic surgeons are trained in lipoedema surgery. This type of liposuction requires specific techniques (such as water-assisted or tumescent liposuction) to protect lymphatic vessels and achieve safe, effective results. Always check that your surgeon has experience treating lipoedema specifically, and ask how many procedures they have performed for this condition. 

Does Medicare cover lipoedema treatment or liposuction? 

At present, Medicare does not provide a dedicated item number for lipoedema liposuction. Some patients may be eligible for partial rebates under broader plastic surgery item numbers, depending on the clinical situation and your surgeon’s assessment. Non-surgical treatments, such as compression garments, may be subsidised through programs like Enable NSW or the NDIS if you meet the eligibility criteria. 

 

Can compression therapy help with lipoedema pain and swelling? 

Yes. While compression therapy does not remove lipoedema fat, it can significantly help reduce pain, tenderness, and feelings of heaviness in the legs or arms. Flat-knit compression garments are often recommended because they provide firm, supportive pressure that can improve comfort and mobility. Many people find compression particularly helpful in later stages of lipoedema or when swelling (oedema) develops. 

What are the stages of lipoedema? 

Lipoedema is commonly described in four stages: 

  • Stage 1: Smooth skin surface with enlarged fat tissue; legs and arms may appear disproportionately larger than the rest of the body. 
  • Stage 2: Skin surface becomes uneven with dimpling or a “mattress-like” appearance; nodules form under the skin. 
  • Stage 3: Larger, uneven fat deposits with folds of skin and tissue, especially around the knees and thighs. Mobility may be affected. 
  • Stage 4 (sometimes called lipo-lymphoedema): Lipoedema combined with secondary lymphoedema, leading to significant swelling and skin changes. 

 

Where can I get diagnosed with lipoedema in Sydney or NSW? 

A lipoedema diagnosis can be made by specialists familiar with the condition, including vascular surgeons, plastic surgeons, endocrinologists, and accredited lymphoedema therapists. At Restore Oncology Care & Lymphoedema Clinic in the Sutherland Shire, we regularly assess, screen, and support patients with suspected lipoedema. You can also ask your GP for a referral to a specialist who has experience with fat disorders. 

Oedema FAQ

What causes swelling (oedema) in the legs and feet? 
Swelling in the legs and feet can have many causes. Common reasons include standing or sitting for long periods, varicose veins, being overweight, pregnancy, or certain medications. It can also be a sign of underlying medical conditions such as heart, kidney, or liver disease, or a disorder of the lymphatic system called lymphoedema. If swelling is persistent, painful, or only affects one leg, it’s important to seek medical advice. 

 

How do I know if my swelling is from lymphoedema or something else? 
Lymphoedema is swelling caused by a build-up of lymphatic fluid due to damage or dysfunction of the lymphatic system. Signs that swelling may be lymphoedema include: 

  • Swelling that doesn’t fully go away overnight 
  • A heavy, tight, or aching feeling in the limb 
  • Skin that feels thicker or firmer over time 
  • Swelling that starts on one side of the body but may progress to both 

Other causes of swelling (such as fluid retention from heart or kidney conditions) often affect both legs evenly and may respond to medication. A proper diagnosis should be made by your GP or an accredited lymphoedema therapist. 

 

Can fluid retention be a sign of cancer? 
Sometimes, yes. Swelling can occur as a side effect of cancer itself or its treatments. For example, lymphoedema may develop after lymph node surgery or radiation therapy. Certain cancers can also press on lymphatic or venous pathways, leading to fluid build-up. However, most swelling is not due to cancer. If you have new or unexplained swelling, it’s best to discuss this with your doctor to rule out serious causes. 

 

Are diuretics good for lymphoedema or chronic swelling? 
Diuretics (“fluid tablets”) are not effective for lymphoedema, as the problem is not excess water but a build-up of protein-rich lymphatic fluid. In fact, relying on diuretics for lymphoedema may worsen symptoms over time. They may be prescribed in cases of heart, kidney, or liver-related fluid retention, but for lymphoedema the best management includes compression therapy, exercise, and lymphatic drainage. 

 

How can I reduce fluid retention naturally at home? 
Lifestyle strategies can make a big difference in managing mild swelling: 

  • Gentle exercise and walking to keep fluid moving 
  • Leg elevation (resting with feet above heart level) 
  • Wearing compression garments if prescribed by a therapist 
  • Good skin care to prevent dryness or infection 
  • Balanced diet and hydration (reducing excess salt and staying well hydrated can help regulate fluid balance) 

If swelling persists or worsens, it’s important to see your GP or a lymphoedema therapist for assessment. 

Cancer and exercise FAQ

Why is exercise important after cancer treatment?
Exercise is one of the most effective tools for recovery after cancer treatment. Research shows it can improve strength, rebuild muscle mass, support bone health, reduce side effects, and enhance overall quality of life. Exercise also helps manage mood, sleep, and energy levels, which are often affected during treatment.

What are the best exercises during chemotherapy or radiation?
The best exercises are safe, gentle, and tailored to your energy levels. This usually includes:

  • Walking or light aerobic activity to keep up stamina

  • Resistance training with bands, weights, or bodyweight to maintain strength

  • Stretching and mobility work to ease stiffness from treatment
    An accredited oncology exercise physiologist or occupational therapist can design a program that matches your treatment stage and abilities.

Can exercise reduce cancer-related fatigue?
Yes. Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common and distressing side effects of treatment. Regular, gentle exercise has been shown in many studies to significantly reduce fatigue, improve energy, and restore day-to-day functioning.

Is it safe to exercise with cancer or during treatment?
In most cases, yes — exercise is safe during cancer treatment when guided by a health professional. Programs are adjusted to suit your energy, blood counts, bone health, or any surgical/recovery restrictions. Safety is always the priority, which is why supervised exercise with oncology-trained professionals is recommended.

How does exercise lower the risk of cancer recurrence?
Studies show that regular exercise can help reduce the risk of certain cancers returning, especially breast, colon, and prostate cancers. Exercise improves immune function, reduces inflammation, and supports healthy body weight — all of which play a role in lowering recurrence risk.

What is an oncology exercise physiologist?
An oncology exercise physiologist is a university-trained allied health professional who specialises in prescribing safe, evidence-based exercise for people living with and beyond cancer. They tailor programs to reduce side effects, support recovery, and improve long-term health outcomes.

Where can I find cancer rehab exercise classes near me (Sydney or NSW)?
At Restore Oncology Care & Lymphoedema Clinic in the Sutherland Shire (Sydney), we offer tailored cancer rehabilitation programs and small exercise classes designed specifically for people during or after cancer treatment. You can also ask your GP or oncologist for referrals to local oncology exercise services in NSW.

What support is available for cancer fatigue and physical recovery?
Support includes supervised exercise programs, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, lymphoedema management, dietetics, and psychology. At Restore Oncology Care, we provide holistic programs addressing fatigue, pain, lymphoedema, and reduced mobility — so you feel supported in every aspect of recovery.

How can I get a personalised cancer exercise program in Sydney?
You can book an assessment with our oncology-trained team at Restore Oncology Care & Lymphoedema Clinic. We will design a personalised exercise plan that takes into account your diagnosis, treatment, side effects, and recovery goals.

Can NDIS or Medicare help pay for cancer rehabilitation services?
Yes, in some cases.

  • Medicare: You may be eligible for partial rebates through a GP Management Plan or Chronic Disease Management referral.

  • NDIS: If cancer has caused permanent disability or functional impairment, some supports (like exercise therapy and lymphoedema care) may be funded.

  • Private health insurance may also cover part of the cost.

Restore FAQ

What services does Restore Oncology Care & Lymphoedema Clinic offer?
We provide specialised cancer rehabilitation and lymphoedema services, including:

  • Lymphoedema assessment, management, and garment fitting
  • Lipoedema management and support
  • Oncology physiotherapy and occupational therapy
  • Cancer rehabilitation exercise programs
  • Manual lymphatic drainage and low-level laser therapy
  • Compression garment prescription and measuring
  • Scar management, fine motor retraining, and fatigue management
    Our goal is to support you through all stages of cancer recovery and lymphoedema care.
  • Exercise Physiology 1:1, group exercise, home programs
  • Men’s health
  • Women’s health
  • Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy 
  • Peripheral Neuropathy Relief
  • Counselling
  • Remedial massage
  • Dietetics. 

Where is Restore Clinic located in Sydney
Restore Oncology Care & Lymphoedema Clinic is based in the Sutherland Shire, Sydney. We proudly support patients across The Sutherland Shire and St George area with both in-clinic and telehealth options available.

How do I book an appointment with a lymphoedema therapist near me?
You can book directly with us — no referral is required. Simply call our clinic, book online, or ask your GP or oncologist to send a referral.

Are Restore’s services covered by private health, Medicare or NDIS?
Yes, in many cases:

  • Private health: Rebates may apply for occupational therapy, physiotherapy, Exercise Physiology, Dietetics and compression garments (depending on your cover).

  • Medicare: Some services are eligible for rebates with a GP Management or Chronic Disease Management plan.

  • NDIS: Participants may be able to access funding for lymphoedema therapy, compression garments, and exercise programs under disability-related supports.

Do you offer lymphoedema or lipoedema telehealth appointments in Australia?
Yes. We provide telehealth appointments for lymphoedema and lipoedema education, exercise guidance, garment reviews, and self-management strategies — making it easier for patients across NSW and Australia to access care.

What’s the difference between seeing a physio or OT at Restore for lymphoedema?
Both physiotherapists and occupational therapists at Restore are ALA-accredited lymphoedema therapists. The difference is in their broader scope:

  • Physiotherapists focus on mobility, strength, pain management, and exercise rehabilitation.

  • Occupational therapists focus on daily function, fatigue, fine motor skills, and practical self-management strategies.
    Many patients benefit from seeing both, depending on their needs.

It is important to check your private health fund cover as Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy have different codes.

What happens if I don’t have Occupational Therapy cover?
If your health fund doesn’t include OT cover, you can still book appointments with our occupational therapists. Medicare.

What should I bring to my first lymphoedema or cancer rehab appointment?
Please bring:

  • Any relevant medical history or referral letters

  • A list of your medications

  • Previous scans or treatment notes (if available)

  • Your current compression garments (if you have them)

  • Comfortable clothing so we can complete an assessment
    This helps us create a tailored treatment plan for you.

Can I get help with measuring and fitting compression garments at Restore?
Yes. Our accredited lymphoedema therapists are trained to measure, fit, and prescribe compression garments (both ready-to-wear and custom-made). We also help with funding applications through Enable NSW, NDIS, and private health insurers.

How much do appointments cost at Restore?
Our fees vary depending on the type of appointment (initial assessment, follow-up, garment fitting, or exercise session). Please contact our team or visit our website for our current fee schedule. Rebates may apply through private health, Medicare, or NDIS.

Does Restore do home-visits?
Yes, home-visits are available in the Sutherland Shire and St George areas for patients who are unable to attend the clinic due to mobility, fatigue, or medical reasons. Please contact us to discuss availability.

Where can I park when I come to my appointment?

It can be difficult to park in Miranda, we advise parking in the Westfield and walking across. Allow for plenty of time and parking and traffic is often unpredictable near our Miranda clinic.
In our Hurstville clinic, free parking is available in Waratah Hospital.